Another thought prevoking video, to get you thinking, talking and searching yourself.
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"Bolero" by French composer Maurice Ravel (1875-1937), played to scenes of ancient Egypt.
"Bolero" by French composer Maurice Ravel (1875-1937), played to scenes of ancient Egypt.
A construction management study (testing) carried out by the firm Daniel, Mann, Johnson, & Mendenhall in association with Mark Lehner and other Egyptologists, estimates that the total project required an average workforce of 14,567 people and a peak workforce of 40,000. Without the use of pulleys, wheels, or iron tools, they surmise the Great Pyramid was completed from start to finish in approximately 10 years. Their critical path analysis study reveals estimates that the number of blocks used in construction was between 2-2.8 million (an average of 2.4 million), but settles on a reduced finished total of 2 million after subtracting the estimated area of the hollow spaces of the chambers and galleries. Most sources agree on this number of blocks somewhere above 2.3 million. The Egyptologists' calculations suggest the workforce could have sustained a rate of 180 blocks per hour (3 blocks/minute) with ten hour work days for putting each individual block in place. They derived these estimates from construction projects that did not use modern machinery. This study fails to take into account however, especially when compared to modern third world construction projects, the logistics and craftsmanship time inherent in constructing a building of nearly unparalleled magnitude with such precision, or among other things, the use of up to 60-80 ton stones being quarried and transported a distance of over 500 miles.
Average core blocks of the pyramid weigh about 1.5 tons each, and the granite blocks used to roof the burial chambers are estimated to weigh up to 80 tons each.
Average core blocks of the pyramid weigh about 1.5 tons each, and the granite blocks used to roof the burial chambers are estimated to weigh up to 80 tons each.
In contrast, a Great Pyramid feasibility study relating to the quarrying of the stone was performed in 1978 by Technical Director Merle Booker of the Indiana Limestone Institute of America. Consisting of 33 quarries, the Institute is considered by many architects to be one of the world's leading authorities on limestone. Using modern equipment, the study concludes:
"Utilizing the entire Indiana Limestone industry's facilities as they now stand [for 33 quarries], and figuring on tripling present average production, it would take approximately 27 years to quarry, fabricate and ship the total requirements."
Booker points out the time study assumes sufficient quantities of railroad cars would be available without delay or downtime during this 27 year period and does not factor in the increasing costs of completing the work.
The entire Giza Plateau is believed to have been constructed over the reign of five pharaohs in less than a hundred years. In the hundred years prior to Giza, beginning with Djoser who ruled from 2687-2667 BC, three other massive pyramids were built - the Step pyramid of Saqqara (believed to be the first Egyptian pyramid), the Bent Pyramid, and the Red Pyramid. Also during this period (between 2686 and 2498 BC) the Wadi Al-Garawi dam which used an estimated 100,000 cubic meters of rock and rubble was built.
The accepted values by Egyptologists bear out the following result: 2,400,000 stones used ÷ 20 years ÷ 365 days per year ÷ 10 work hours per day ÷ 60 minutes per hour = 0.55 stones laid per minute.
Thus no matter how many workers were used or in what configuration, 1.1 blocks on average would have to be put in place every 2 minutes, ten hours a day, 365 days a year for twenty years to complete the Great Pyramid within this time frame. This equation, however, does not take into account among other things the designing, planning, surveying, and leveling the 13 acre site the Great Pyramid sits on.
As Egyptologist Dr. I.E.S. Edwards, former Keeper of Antiquities in the British Museum, said in his book The Pyramids of Egypt; " Cheops, who may have been a megalomaniac, could never, during a reign of about twenty-three years, have erected a building of the size and durability of the Great Pyramid, if technical advances had not enabled his masons to handle stones of very considerable weight and dimensions."
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Legend has it that New Zealand was fished from the sea. Fact has it that New Zealand was t
Legend has it that New Zealand was fished from the sea. Fact has it that New Zealand was the last land mass on earth to be discovered, making New Zealand the youngest country on earth.
http://www.newzealand.com/tvcscenes
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Peak Moment 106: Patrick Marcus and other motivated citizens sprouted a community garden o
Peak Moment 106: Patrick Marcus and other motivated citizens sprouted a community garden on city land slated to be a park in Ashland, Oregon. When the garden was threatened by plans to develop the park, they got active. Their research and advocacy led to official policy supporting community gardens in city parks. As the volunteer garden manager, Patrick affirms gardening isn't just for leisure -- it helps build community. It creates bonds among people from diverse social spheres -- through shared work, classes, potlucks and, most of all, shared passion. [www.communitygarden.org]
Looking for a specific topic in our Peak Moment library? Visit www.peakmoment.tv. Go to "conversations" and click a tag, or do a search. Our home page lists "specials" (presentations and conferences) available on DVD. Subscribe to our email newsletter. Or go to "journal" to join the dialogue on Janaia's Journal.
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Trust Affection Friendship
CHRISTIAN THE LION AT WORLD'S END is the true life story of Ch
Trust Affection Friendship
CHRISTIAN THE LION AT WORLD'S END is the true life story of Christian the Lion and his journey from London England to Kenya East Africa to live a free life with conservationist George Adamson of Born Free fame and to join other wild lions. It is a remarkable story of trust, affection and friendship between man and lions. It is written, produced and directed by Bill Travers, star of Born Free and James Hill the director of Born Free. This movie and the film The Lions are Free were released on DVD in November 2006 www.fatheroflions.org
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Adamson
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_the_lion
http://www.kimbawlion.com/christian.htm
http://www.amazon.de/Christian-Lion-At-Worlds-End/dp/B000IMV MES/ref=sr_1_3/303-7669268-2807405?ie=UTF8&s=dvd&qid=1183417 382&sr=8-3
Please visit:
http://www.bornfree.org.uk/
He was once attacked by one of his lions. But he was never deterred. He wrote of lions: ''Like people, they can look impressive, beautiful, curious, ugly or plain. The best are adventurous, loyal and brave. All of them have been designed and perfected by nature to kill.''
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Espen Lind(on guitar), Askil Holm, Alejandro Fuentes, Kurt Nilsen(World Idol)
4 norwegian
Espen Lind(on guitar), Askil Holm, Alejandro Fuentes, Kurt Nilsen(World Idol)
4 norwegian great singers.
For more info. visit:
www.senjalady.piczo.com/?cr=5
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