October (This_day_in_history)

1st
331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela.
1795 - Belgium is conquered by France.

2st
1789 - George Washington transmits the proposed Constitutional amendments (The United States Bill of Rights) to the States for ratification.

3st
1929 - The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes is renamed to Kingdom of Yugoslavia, "Land of the South Slavs".
1932 - Iraq gains independence from Britain.

4st
1636 - The Swedish Army defeats the armies of Saxony and the Holy Roman Empire at the Battle of Wittstock.
1830 - Creation of the state of Belgium after separation from The Netherlands.
1943 - World War II: U.S. captures Solomon Islands.

5st
1789 - French Revolution: Women of Paris march to Versailles in the March on Versailles to confront Louis XVI about his refusal to promulgate the decrees on the abolition of feudalism, demand bread, and have the King and his court moved to Paris.

6st
U.S. - German-American Day observed since 1987

8st
1573 End of the Spanish siege of Alkmaar, first Dutch victory in Eighty Years War.
967 - Guerrilla leader Che Guevara and his men are captured in Bolivia.

9st
768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks.
1003 - Leif Erikson lands in L'Anse aux Meadows, Canada, becoming the first European to reach America.
1806 - Prussia declares war on France.

12st
1216 - King John of England loses his crown jewels in The Wash, probably near Fosdyke, perhaps near Sutton Bridge

13st
1810 - First Oktoberfest: The Bavarian royalty invites the citizens of Munich to join the celebration of the marriage of Crown Prince Ludwig of Bavaria to Princess Therese von Sachsen-Hildburghausen.

1307 - Hundreds of Knights Templar in France are simultaneously arrested by agents of Phillip the Fair, to be later tortured into "admitting" heresy.

14st
1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill, seven miles from Hastings, the forces of William the Conqueror defeat the Saxon army and kill King Harold II of England.
1322 - Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's independence.
1586 - Mary I of Scotland goes on trial for conspiracy against Elizabeth I of England.

15st
1815 - Napoleon I of France begins his exile on Saint Helena in the Atlantic Ocean.

16st
1869 - England's first residential college for women, Girton College, Cambridge, is founded.

17st
1978 - Pope John Paul II is elected in Rome.
1933 - Albert Einstein, fleeing Nazi Germany, moves to the US.

19st
1812 - Napoleon I of France retreats from Moscow.

20st
1827 - Battle of Navarino - a combined Turkish and Egyptian armada is destroyed by an allied British, French, and Russian naval force in the port of Navarino in Pylos, Greece. The most important result of this battle is the end of the Greek Liberation War and the affirmation of independence of modern Greece.

21st
1805 - Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Trafalgar: A British fleet led by Admiral Lord Nelson defeats a combined French and Spanish fleet off the coast of Spain under Admiral Villeneuve. It signalled the virtual end of French maritime power and left Britain navally unchallenged until the twentieth century.

22st
741 - Charles Martel, leader of the Franks (b. 686)

24st
1795 - Partitions of Poland: The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is completely divided between Austria, Prussia and Russia

29st
1787 - Mozart's opera Don Giovanni receives its first performance in Prague.

***********************
Иα⊕

Serious